Sightings & Sentinel
Actions ReportS

The PWWA uses the PWWA App, a private app that association captains, naturalists, and crew members have used since 2018 to efficiently share wildlife sightings, coordinate viewing activity, and document protective interventions. The PWWA App is also used by researchers, ferry captains, professional ship pilots, emergency response vessels, the Canadian Coast Guard’s Marine Mammal Desk, and the U.S. Coast Guard’s Cetacean Desk. Each year, data collected through the PWWA App is compiled into an annual Sightings & Sentinel Actions Report detailing wildlife sightings and sentinel activity in and around the Salish Sea.

Below are some highlights from our PWWA 2025 Sightings & Sentinel Actions Report.

2025 Whale Presence

In 2025, the PWWA App received 50,323 reports of whales, wildlife, and protective sentinel actions in and around the Salish Sea, an increase of 12% over 2024's total of 44,933 reports. Bigg’s killer whales were reported on more days of the year than any other type of whale, seen on 342 days of 2025. Humpback whales were reported on 314 days, followed by minke whales on 154 days, gray whales on 147 days, and salmon-eating Northern Resident killer whales on 111 days. While PWWA tours don’t focus on endangered Southern Resident killer whales, they were reported on 93 days. 85.4% of Southern Resident reports to the PWWA App in 2025 were made by authorized researchers or shore-based PWWA observers. The year also included sightings of wildlife rarely seen in the Salish Sea, such as fur seals, a horned puffin, and a fin whale, the second longest whale species on earth.

2025 Sentinel Actions

“Sentinel actions” are defined by the PWWA as protective interventions performed by professional whale watchers during the course of a wildlife tour. In 2025, PWWA members documented 1,429 sentinel actions, an increase from 1,351 sentinel actions in 2024, and the highest annual total since the PWWA began documenting them in 2021. Examples of sentinel actions include:

Stopping other vessels from speeding near whales
Proactively warning vessels of whales nearby so they can slow down/alter course
Removing harmful debris from the water
Reporting sick or entangled animals to authorities

A PWWA member holds a piece of foam removed from the Salish Sea. *Orca Spirit Adventures*

Of the 1,429 sentinel actions documented in 2025, 913 (68.3%) involved directly contacting other vessels. Recreational vessels, ferries, and cargo ships were the vessel categories contacted most frequently by PWWA members in 2025, and the PWWA was successful in slowing, stopping, and/or diverting other vessels following at least 72% of vessel-related sentinel actions.

PWWA members also performed 472 marine debris removals. Balloons were the most common item removed, collected during 224 sentinel actions. Fishing gear, polystyrene foam, plastic bags, and plastic bottles were also collected frequently.

44 sentinel actions were categorized as “other”. These other sentinel actions included reporting injured or entangled animals and even assisting in a few human rescues. One notable case was that of Starry Knight, a one-year-old humpback whale that became entangled not once, but twice, last summer. Fortunately, thanks to reporting and monitoring by PWWA members, Starry Knight was successfully rescued both times by responders with Cascadia Research Collective and the San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network.

2025 Sightings & Sentinel Actions Report

Want to take a deeper dive into our 2025 wildlife sightings and sentinel actions? The 36-page PWWA 2025 Sightings & Sentinel Actions Report is full of graphs, charts, and highlight photos from the 2025 whale watching season.